Digital Transformation in Kyrgyzstan: Current Status, Challenges, and Development Prospects

Kyrgyzstan is undergoing a rapid digital transformation, with technology reshaping every aspect of society from business to government. In this exclusive interview, we dive deep into the key trends and challenges driving this transformation, with insights from industry experts who are shaping the future of the country’s digital landscape and standing on the curve of telecom development in Kyrgyzstan.

---

---

Developing the series of expert interview, throughout the conversation Solovat shares perspectives on how digital technologies are transforming key sectors like education, healthcare, and urban infrastructure. From the ongoing development of 5G networks to the creation of data centers that power cloud services, the conversation highlights the innovative solutions being implemented to bring Kyrgyzstan closer to its digital future. The interview explores the crucial role of telecom operators in the rollout of these technologies, the challenges of connecting remote regions, and the steps needed to ensure that Kyrgyzstan remains at the forefront of digital innovation in Central Asia.

Introduction

Anastasia:
Today, we’re diving into the key trends and challenges of digital transformation, as well as the technologies that are reshaping Kyrgyzstan and unlocking new opportunities for growth. In particular, we’ll focus on the role of telecom operators in this transformation and in the development of smart cities across the country. We’re thrilled to welcome a very special guest today — Salavat Ormoshev, Executive Director of the Association of Telecom Operators of Kyrgyzstan. We’re excited to hear his insights and unique perspective on the current state and future of digital transformation in the region.

Salavat, it’s a pleasure to have you with us! Also joining us today is Konstantin, Sales Director at Aipix. Digital transformation is no longer just a trendy phrase from the internet or the news — it’s become a part of our everyday lives. Technology is opening up a wide range of possibilities for business, the public sector, and our daily routines. Of course, this transformation also comes with its challenges. Salavat, could you give us an overview of the current state of digital transformation in Kyrgyzstan? What are the main challenges the country is facing in this process?

Salavat:
Sure. In Kyrgyzstan, digitalization is currently one of the top priorities — it’s being actively discussed at the highest levels, from the President to the Cabinet of Ministers, and of course, across the business sector as well.

We’re seeing rapid development in areas like digital banking and the delivery of digital government services. In general, the adoption of digital solutions in business is happening everywhere. E-commerce is growing, digital platforms for services and delivery are expanding rapidly, and even sectors like transportation and taxis are now app-driven. There’s truly a widespread shift happening, and it’s being strongly supported by the government and various business associations. As a result, there’s a lot of momentum behind these changes. Naturally, all of this relies on telecommunications infrastructure. That’s where broadband internet providers and mobile network operators come in — they’re doing a tremendous amount of work to increase bandwidth and improve accessibility.

The Role of the Association of Telecom Operators of Kyrgyzstan

Konstantin:
We’ve known each other for quite a few years now, and we’ve had many conversations about the work of your association. I have to say — what you’re doing is quite unique, not only within Kyrgyzstan but globally as well. There really aren’t many associations like yours. Can you tell us a bit more about the specific initiatives your association is involved in to support digital transformation — particularly in partnership with telecom operators and internet providers?

Salavat:
Thank you for the question. Let me tell you a bit about our association.

The Association of Telecom Operators was established back in 2000, so it has a long and established history. Today, we’re one of the largest industry associations in the Kyrgyz Republic. We unite virtually all telecom companies in the country, which means that whenever we speak publicly, publish analytics, or participate in key events, we’re seen as the voice of the entire telecommunications sector in Kyrgyzstan. We work closely with government agencies, donor organizations, international partners, NGOs, and representatives from other business sectors.

We’re actively involved in the development of regulations and legal frameworks that govern telecommunications. In fact, we often take the initiative in proposing new policies. Personally, I also represent the telecom sector in various high-level advisory bodies. I’m a member of the Investment Council under the Cabinet of Ministers, as well as the Business Development Council under the Jogorku Kenesh — our national parliament. Through these and other advisory platforms, we ensure the voice of the telecom sector is heard by key decision-makers.

The Telecom Operators Role in Driving Digital Transformation of Kyrgyzstan

Konstantin:
Thank you for that detailed explanation. Now, if we look at digital transformation from a role-based perspective, what do you think is the specific role of telecom operators in driving this transformation — especially in the context of building smart cities in Kyrgyzstan?

Salavat:
Telecom is the foundation of digitalization — no question about it. It’s the underlying transport layer that carries all the data and services we rely on today. Even if users don’t actively think about it, everything they do digitally is enabled by telecommunications infrastructure. Thanks to our operators, internet coverage in the country has reached impressive levels. I can confidently say that around 98% of all populated areas in Kyrgyzstan now have mobile and internet connectivity. We also have widespread broadband access, even in remote villages. This high-speed access is now almost ubiquitous.

Fiber-Optic Network Expansion

Konstantin:
That’s impressive. Some countries in Central and Eastern Europe have adopted strategies to lay fiber-optic networks to every town and even small villages. How does Kyrgyzstan compare in that regard? Are these efforts being driven more by KyrgyzTelecom, or is it mainly in the hands of private ISPs and telecom companies?

Salavat:
It’s a mix of both public and private sector involvement. Let me explain how it works. The private sector focuses on areas with commercial potential — typically villages with 500 or more households. These numbers help justify the investment from a business standpoint. The government, on the other hand, stimulates internet expansion through direct funding for specific projects. For example, over the last two years, we’ve been implementing the Digital CASA (DCASA-KP) project, which aims to lay down 3,500 kilometers of fiber-optic cable. This will connect a significant number of population centers across the country. The project is now nearing completion. The main contractors are KyrgyzTelecom and the company ElCat, while the Ministry of Digital Development of the Kyrgyz Republic is overseeing the project.

Smart Cities Initiatives

Konstantin:
That’s a significant initiative — both in terms of scale and impact. Let’s shift focus slightly. When it comes to smart cities, who do you think will take the lead? Will it be internet providers and telecom operators, or will it be the government?

Salavat:
That’s a great question. In Kyrgyzstan, the first large-scale “smart city” project was initiated by the government — specifically aimed at improving road safety. It was part of the Safe City initiative, implemented in partnership with a company, I believe, called VGA. This project mainly focuses on monitoring road traffic and enhancing public safety. It’s currently moving into its second phase, which will continue to concentrate on transportation infrastructure. However, when it comes to broader smart city solutions — like public safety in parks, stadiums, or shopping centers — there’s still a gap. That’s where private companies could step in and fill the void.

Konstantin:
So if we’re talking about the private sector’s role, how exactly can telecom operators help accelerate the development and deployment of smart city technologies?

Salavat:
Telecom operators play a crucial role here, particularly by providing the infrastructure and platforms needed for smart solutions. These include software systems powered by AI and data analytics, capable of processing vast amounts of video or sensor data collected by cameras and smart devices. We’ve already seen great progress in areas like smart home technology, and I believe we’re just scratching the surface when it comes to smart city applications.

The Current Status of Innovative Technologies Implementation

Anastasia:
That’s truly fascinating. Before we jump into the future, let’s take a quick look at the present. You’ve mentioned a number of technologies and infrastructure-related projects, but in your view, what are the most in-demand smart technologies currently being implemented in telecom development in Kyrgyzstan?

Salavat:
At the moment in Kyrgyzstan, we’re definitely seeing active growth in smart home systems. There’s a clear demand from customers — many people are looking for video surveillance solutions and systems to monitor fire safety in residential buildings. In apartment complexes, for instance, there’s usually a homeowners’ association, and the representatives designated to coordinate building maintenance. And naturally, there’s a strong demand for security systems — primarily video surveillance — so that families and residents can feel safer and more secure. Fire safety systems are also in high demand to ensure timely responses and prevent accidents or emergencies. Beyond that, we’re also seeing smart technologies being introduced in both the energy and business sectors, particularly using wireless communication. In our energy sector, for example, smart meters — including gas meters — are now being widely deployed. These use SIM cards to transmit real-time data remotely.

The Challenges in Telecom Technology Development

Anastasia:
That’s really exciting to hear. Now, on the topic of technology and growth, there are always challenges or barriers that come with it. Could you highlight the main ones that are currently holding back progress?

Salavat:
Sure. One of the biggest barriers we face is what I’d call a digital divide within the population. We have a segment of society that is quite tech-savvy and comfortable using digital tools. But there’s also a large portion of people who lack the knowledge or skills to engage with high-tech systems. As digital transformation advances, we’re also seeing a rise in cybercrime — everything from digital fraud and scams to harmful activity on social networks. This makes digital hygiene especially important — users need to follow safe practices online. But most importantly, we need to boost digital literacy across the entire population.

Telecom Development in Kyrgyzstan: Digital Gap Closing Initiatives

Konstantin:
That’s an important point. I know many telecom operators around the world — and even in our region — have launched initiatives to close this digital gap, especially for seniors or people who aren’t yet comfortable using digital tools. They often organize educational programs, recruit volunteers, or form outreach groups. Has anything like that telecom companies in Kyrgyzstan perform?

Salavat:
Absolutely, yes — similar initiatives are being carried out here as well.

We have educational programs aimed at helping people understand and use digital technologies. These are often directed first at professionals — public sector workers, government staff, teachers, and healthcare providers — whose jobs now require digital literacy. Then the training trickles down into schools, where special courses on digital skills are part of the curriculum. Even the standard education system now includes subjects focused on improving digital literacy. Telecom operators have recently become very active in this area, too. They’re helping train specialized personnel through IT schools and dedicated tech courses — most of which are fully funded by the operators themselves.

Kyrgyzstan’s Digital Infrastructure Next Five Years

Konstantin:
That’s truly admirable. It’s so encouraging to hear that digital hygiene and digital literacy are being actively promoted — and that this momentum isn’t slowing down but continuing to grow and evolve. So, looking at everything that’s happening — from education to infrastructure — what do you envision for the future of Kyrgyzstan’s digital infrastructure over, say, the next five years?

Salavat:
In the next five years, I believe we’ll see a full-scale rollout of 5G technology by mobile operators. Alongside this, we’ll witness widespread implementation of IoT — the Internet of Things, where a vast range of smart devices interconnected. We’re also preparing for full-scale deployment of smart city systems. Right now, we’re in the early stages of developing a national smart city concept, aimed at managing urban infrastructure through digital technologies. This includes everything from traffic signals and public lighting to security and surveillance systems.

I believe we’re heading toward a more centralized approach, where integrated solutions will improve public safety and create more comfortable living conditions in our cities.

The 5G and 6G Adopting Review

Konstantin:
That sounds like a solid and exciting roadmap. Just a quick follow-up on the 5G topic. As you know, 5G is getting a lot of attention globally. Some countries are already talking about 6G. But telecom development in Kyrgyzstan, what are the main goals or priorities driving the move to 5G? What are the key pillars behind this initiative?

Salavat:
Right now, we’re seeing rapid traffic growth — and I mean really fast-paced. What’s happening is that the majority of data flow is now shifting toward media files. As you’ve probably noticed yourself, we’re using video conferencing tools more and more. Sometimes, we use them not just for scheduled meetings, but for urgent, on-the-fly discussions — even when everyone’s in the same city. This increase in traffic means that 4G networks will soon hit their limits.

They simply won’t be able to handle the load. And that’s where 5G comes in. With its significantly higher bandwidth, 5G will allow us to deploy technologies much more effectively — things like telemedicine, remote education, and of course, smart city systems. Globally, we’re seeing the rise of autonomous technologies — for example, self-driving vehicles or advanced autopilot systems. These technologies rely heavily on 5G infrastructure, and that’s why moving toward 5G is not just desirable — it’s inevitable for us. Along with 5G, we’ll also get access to a whole ecosystem of complementary technologies and solutions that come with it.

5G and CDNs

Konstantin:
That makes total sense. And of course, once 5G is rolled out, it often brings along the need for more local content delivery — things like CDNs (Content Delivery Networks). You might start seeing services like Spotify or even YouTube establishing local infrastructure, right? Naturally, that leads to the development of data centers across the country. So what’s the current state of data centers in Kyrgyzstan? Are mobile operators building their own, or are they leaning more on commercial providers?

Salavat:
Our major telecom operators do maintain their own data centers, primarily to host CDN servers. Sometimes, content providers deploy these resources themselves, but more often the telecom operators do it to ensure faster and more stable access to content for their users. The goal is always to improve speed and overall user experience. We also have private data centers that offer rack space and server rental services. In addition, large enterprises like banks and corporate businesses — especially those with mobile apps and digital services — build and maintain their own data centers. Banking regulations here actually require banks to maintain two separate data centers to ensure full redundancy and backup. For small businesses — like those running a simple app, website, or hosting a modest volume of public data — they often use commercial hosting providers or private data centers that specialize in these kinds of services.

The Role of Telecom Operators and Government Support to Innovations

Konstantin:
So we can say there’s a healthy balance between private commercial data centers and those maintained by telecom operators, each serving different parts of the ecosystem — from infrastructure cores to end-user services.

I have what will probably be the last question, and it’s more about operators, 5G, and scaling capacity. So, is there any state-level support right now for 5G development? Obviously, the association is already playing a big role — helping with spectrum allocation and everything else — but what about government support in terms of investment programs or regulatory flexibility to help launch these kinds of services, especially in underserved areas?

Salavat:
At the moment, the government is actively working on deploying a state-run data center, which will serve the national e-government (eGov) cloud platform. We already built this data center and it supports a wide range of public digital services — for example, the “Tunduk” and “Kyzmat” platforms.

The state has already digitized a huge amount of data, and now businesses are beginning to gain access to that data — which makes it possible to offer remote, secure services. For instance, a user can go through remote identity verification by cross-referencing government registries. Once verified, they can immediately access services like digital payments, government services, or even services from private companies, especially those operating under GDPR-like regulations. Overall, the government maintains a liberal policy in the telecom sector. Kyrgyzstan has a very open and competitive market, and as a result, we consistently rank among the top countries in the world for internet speed and affordability. For several years now, we’ve been in the top 3 to 5 globally.

Digitalization that Affect Quality of Life

Konstantin:
Yes, that’s absolutely true. I’ve seen that myself — every time I visit Bishkek, it’s visibly changing and growing. So maybe for a final, wrap-up question — a bit more reflective:
How do you see digitalization affecting quality of life and the country’s economic development? You don’t need to go too deep — just a few thoughts. But I’d really love to hear your perspective.

Salavat:
Sure, I’ll try to keep it short.

Digitalization is now present in virtually every sector of life in Kyrgyzstan. One major example is the tax system — every individual now has a virtual personal account with many functions online. These systems are also fully integrated with other state registries — real estate, individuals, businesses — creating seamless data exchange. For businesses, this means much faster operations. Nearly every company now interacts with clients through virtual channels — via messengers, chatbots, or direct support systems. Many have launched client self-service platforms, which help reduce the load on physical service centers. This not only improves efficiency but significantly cuts costs for businesses. And considering that Kyrgyzstan is a mountainous country, with many remote and hard-to-reach areas, physical infrastructure is often difficult to build. But digital tools eliminate those barriers. Whether it’s for banking, logistics, or customer service — digital solutions are closing the gap and rapidly reducing the digital divide among the population.

Prospects for Further Telecom Development in Kyrgyzstan

Konstantin:
Thank you, that was a great overview. Actually… one last fun question — you don’t have to answer if you don’t want to — but just out of curiosity:

Have the lines at government offices gotten shorter? 

Salavat :
Honestly, yes, lines at tax offices have become shorter.

At public service centers, there are still queues, although they’ve launched online appointment systems and mobile apps that let you handle most services digitally. You can get almost all certificates online now — there’s no longer a need to go in person just for paperwork. Only for services that require physical presence — like changing your address or renewing a passport — do people still need to show up. But even so, there’s still a crowd. That’s why the government is now planning to open large new “mega service centers”, and I think once those are operational, queues will finally become a thing of the past.

Summarizing Telecom Development in Kyrgyzstan

Anastasia:
That sounds great — and I think now it’s time to say a big thank you for such an interesting and inspiring conversation.

Salavat:
Thank you — and thank you, Konstantin. You’re always welcome here!

Konstantin:
I’ll definitely be back! And honestly, it’s amazing how each visit to Kyrgyzstan shows me something new. It’s like every trip reveals a new chapter in your country’s transformation.

Salavat:
That means a lot. The last time you visited — in September, right? — Bishkek has really changed a lot even since then. And all in a positive way! From ride-hailing apps to digital services and internet infrastructure, you can really feel the pace of progress. And thank you for acknowledging the huge collaborative effort that goes into building our digital future — together with telecom operators and many other partners.

We’re also looking forward to welcoming you too, Anastasia. Hopefully you’ll be able to visit us this year?

Anastasia:
Yes, that’s very possible — we’re actually planning to hold a major forum on telecom development in Kyrgyzstan later this year.

Salavat:
Yes, it’ll be the Kyrgyz Internet Governance Forum, part of a UN-supported global initiative. We’ll be discussing key topics around internet governance, digital product development, regulatory strategies, and more.

Konstantin:
That sounds amazing — do you have the dates?

Salavat:
We’re still finalizing them, but it’s likely to take place in the second half of the year, probably in November — sometime in late autumn.

Anastasia:
Perfect — I’ll definitely mark my calendar.

Salavat:
You’re both very welcome. We look forward to having you here!

---

For a deeper dive into telecom development in Kyrgyzstan and more expert insights, be sure to join the conversation on our Aipix YouTube channel or connect with our outstanding community on LinkedIn. We look forward to engaging with you!